retirees 2022年下半年英语六级阅读理解练习渣基题

新发现矿产地 是指报告期内通过各类地质调查工作, 或者根据群众报矿、群众采矿线索新发现的, 并经过矿产调查工作证实为有进一步工作意义或具有工业价值, 具有一定规模, 作出初步评价的矿区。

坑探工作量 是指用凿岩机械或人工开凿的各种坑道工程, 以 “米”计量, 取整数。

机械岩心钻探工作量 是指用动力机械带动, 回转或冲击回转钻进, 并以取出岩心了解和研究地下地质情况为目的的钻探工作。如手轮给进钻机、油压钻机、石油钻机、海洋石油钻机、水文水井钻机以及汽车钻机等。以 “米”计量, 取整数。

地质勘查经费 是指报告期完成的来自各方面的地质勘查资金。包括完成的中央财政、地方财政地质勘查拨款, 企事业单位、港澳台商、外商投入的地质勘查工作的资金以及其他资金。

中央财政拨款 是指报告期实际完成的由国家预算收支科目安排的直接用于地质勘查经费。

地方财政拨款 是指报告期实际完成的地方财政拨付的地质勘查经费。

企事业资金 是指报告期完成的各类企事业单位投答桥入的地质勘查工作的资金。包括国内企事业资金、港澳台商投资和外商投资。

国内企事业资金 是指报告期完成的国有、集体企事业单位和私营企业投入地质勘查工作的资金。

港澳台商投资 是指港澳台企业和经济组织或个人按国家有关政策、法规, 用现汇、实物 (折资)和技术等投入地质勘查工作资金。

外商投资 是指报告期内完成境外投入地质勘查工作的资金,包括外商直接投资、对外借贷(外国*贷款、国际金融组织贷款、出口信贷、外国银行商业贷款、对外发行债券和股票)及外商其他投资(包括补偿贸易和加工装配由外商提供的设备价款、国际租赁)。不包括我国自有外汇资金(包括国家外汇、地方外汇、流程外汇、调剂外汇和中国银行自有资金发行的外汇贷款等)。

年末在职职工 是指事业单位在编人员, 企业在册人员, 与单位签订聘用合同、劳动合同或符合劳动保障部门关于认定形成事实劳动关系条件的人员, 不含外方及港、澳、台人员、实习在校生、参军人员及未经聘用、留用的离退休人员。

地质勘查人员 是指年末在职职工中, 从事地质勘查工作的人员, 包括从事基础地质调查、矿产资源调查、资源潜力评价、水文地质、工程地质、环境地质、物探、化探、遥感、岩矿鉴定测试、地质测量等工作的在职职工。

技术人员 是指在地勘单位中从事工作并取得劳动报酬的, 具有初级及初级以上地质勘查专业技术职称的在职职工, 包括已取得专业技术职称, 现从事技术管理和行政管理工作的行政人员。

高级 是指地勘单位技术人员中, 经过职称评定机构颁发高级技术职称证书的技术人员。

中级 是指地勘单位技术人员中, 经过职称评定机构颁发中级技术职称证书的技术人员。

上述职称证书主要包括: 原地矿部和原国务院各工业地勘主管部门或省级人事部门颁发的高、中级专业技术资格证书或批准文件。

工程勘察与施工人员 是指填报单位中专业从事建筑工程勘察、设计、施工工作的人员。

矿产开发人员 是指填报单位中从事矿产资源开发利用的人员。

其他人员 是尘蚂指填报单位年末在职职工中除地质勘查、工程勘察施工、矿产开发人员以外的人员。

平均从业人员 是指报告期内在填报单位从事一定社会劳动并取得劳动报酬或经营收入的各类人员。包括各类单位在岗职工、再就业的离退休人员、聘用的外籍人员和港、澳、台人员、领取补贴的*人员、直接支付工资的劳务工以及个体从业人员、农村从业人员和非正规就业人员等。

平均从业人数计算方式是用年初人数与年末人数之和除以2或用年度各月平均人数之和除以12。

劳动者报酬 是指在报告期内直接支付给本单位使用的全部劳动报酬 (生活费) 总额。包括:职工工资总额, 聘用人员报酬, 聘用、留用的离退休人员劳动报酬, 外籍及港澳台人员的劳动报酬,以及人事档案保留在原单位人员的劳动报酬。

离退休人员年末人数 是指历年来由本单位离、退休, 在省财政计划内并且在本单位领取离、退休经费人员的年末总人数。

离退休人员总费用 是指报告期内由填报单位支出的离、退休人员的离退休经费 (包括生活和物价补贴)、补贴等费用 (包括医疗卫生费、交通费补贴、丧葬清兄猛抚恤救济费、冬季取暖补贴、安家补贴、生活困难补助、护理费、书报费等) 总和。

总资产 是指填报单位年末拥有或控制的全部资产总额, 包括流动资产、长期投资、固定资产、无形及递延资产、其他长期资产、递延税项等, 为本单位资产负债表的资产总计项。

地勘专用仪器设备原值 是指本单位用于地质勘查的专业仪器设备原值。

地勘专用仪器设备净值 是指本年末本单位用于地质勘查的专业仪器设备净值。

总负债 是指填报单位年末所承担的能以货币计量, 将以资产或劳务偿付的债务。

净资产 指资产减去负债的差额, 所有者权益, 包括事业基金、固定基金、专用基金、结余等,以及企业的实收资本、资本公积、盈余公积和未分配利润等。

总收入 是指报告期内填报单位从事各种经济活动所取得的收入总额, 包括地质勘查收入、矿业权转让收入、矿产开发收入、工程勘察施工收入和其他收入。

地质勘查业收入 是指报告期内填报单位从事地质勘查经济活动所取得的各种收入总和。包括地质勘探费、地质专项拨款、矿产勘查劳务收入等。

地质勘探费 是以1998年为基数, 由中央财政划转给省财政单列,继续用于地质勘查单位离退休人员、地质勘查工作和经常性费用支出。该指标按照中央财政和地方财政投入分别统计。

地质专项拨款 是指报告期内地勘单位取得的中央及地方地质专项拨款费用, 包括国土资源大调查项目、矿产资源补偿费项目、财政补贴项目、危机矿山项目、地勘基金项目等, 也包括市、县*设立的各类地质勘查专项项目, 按中央和地方的各类专项分别统计。

矿产勘查劳务收入 是指报告期内填报单位在本省、省外及境外地质勘查市场, 从事地质勘查工作 (如从事商业性地质矿产勘查项目、地质勘查技术劳务、地质灾害调查评估等)取得的收入,属于地勘单位经营性收入。

涉外 是指报告期内填报单位在境外地质勘查市场从事地勘工作所取得的收入。

矿业权转让收入 是指报告期内填报单位通过矿业权转让取得的收入, 包括通过合资、合作方式成立矿业公司获得的矿产资源开发收入。

矿产开发收入 是指报告期内填报单位从事矿产资源开发活动所取得的收入, 包括通过合资、合作方式成立矿业公司获得的矿产资源开发收入。

工程勘察施工收入 是指报告期内填报单位凭建设主管部门发放的建设工程勘察设计、岩土施工、建筑施工企业等专业资质, 从事建设工程勘察、工程设计、工程施工等经营活动取得的各项收入。

其他收入 是指报告期内填报单位在总收入中除去从事地质勘查、矿业权转让、矿产开发、工程勘察施工等经济活动以外的收入。

总支出 是指报告期内填报单位为开展业务活动和其他活动所发生的各项资金耗费及损失, 以及用于基本建设项目的开支。

地质勘查 (项目)支出 是指报告期内填报单位从事地质勘查项目而发生的各种成本、费用的支出总额。

其中自有资金指凡属于 (单位)所有者权益范围内所包括的资金, 是按财务制度规定归企业支配的各种自有资金 (包括企业折旧资金、资本金、资本公积金、企业盈余公积金及其他自有资金,也包括通过发行股票筹集的资金)。

矿产开发支出 是指报告期内填报单位从事矿产资源开发活动而发生的各项成本、费用支出总额。

Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators

Newly discovered mineral prospects—refers to a mineral occurrence that is newly found through all kinds of geological survey or on the basis of the ore information and clues reported by the broad masses of people, demonstrated through mineral surveys to be of value for further work or of industrial value and have a certain size, and evaluated preliminarily during the reporting period.

Footage of pitting—refers to the advances of various underground workings excavated by rock drills or manual operations.It is calculated by "meters" and rounded off.

Footage of core drilling—refers to the penetration of rotary or percussive drilling driven by power machinery that recovers the core in order to study the underground geology.The drills include hand-lever feed drills, hydraulic feed drills, oil drills, marine oil drills, hydrological water well drills, and truck-mounted drills.It is calculated in "meters" and rounded off.

Expenditures for geological exploration—refer to the funds for geological exploration from various sides completed during the reporting period.They include funds allocated from the Central and local financial budgets for geological exploration, funds invested by enterprises and institutions, Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan busines*en, and foreign busines*en for geological exploration, and other funds.

Central special budgetary allocations—refer to expenditures directly used for geological exploration and arranged by the state budgeted revenue and expenditure account, which are actually completed during the reporting period.

Local special budgetary allocations—refer to expenditures for geological exploration and allocated by local finance, which are actually completed during the reporting period.

Funds from enterprises and institutions—refer to the funds invested by various enterprises and institutions for geological exploration, which are completed during the reporting period.They include funds invested by domestic enterprises and institutions, Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan busines*en, and foreign busines*en.

Funds from domestic enterprises and institutions—refer to the funds invested by state- and collective-owned enterprises and institutions and private enterprises for geological exploration, which are completed during the reporting period.

Investments from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan—refer to the funds invested by Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan enterprises or economic establishments or individuals in cash, kind (converted into money according to the price indices), and technologies for geological exploration according to relevant policies, laws and regulations of China.

Foreign investment—refers to the funds invested from abroad for geological exploration, which are completed during the reporting period.They include foreign direct investments, foreign loans (loans from foreign governments, loans from international financial organizations, export credit loan, commercial loans from foreign banks, and bonds and stocks issued abroad) and other investments of foreigners (including compensation trade, processing and assembling for which the equipment and funds are provided by foreign busines*en, and international leasing) but China's free exchange funds (including national exchanges, local exchanges, floating exchanges, accommodation exchanges, and foreign exchanges loans issued using the equity capital of the Bank of China) are excluded.

On-the-job employees at the year end—refer to permanent staff and workers in institutions, registered staff and workers in enterprises, and personnel who have signed employment contracts or labor contracts or those who are qualified for the conditions of factual labor relations determined by the labor insurance department (excluding foreigners, personnel of Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan, currently enrolled student trainees, those who have joined the army, and retirees who are not re-employed).

Geological exploration personnel—refer to the personnel who are directly engaged in geological exploration among employees on the job at the year end, including those who conduct basic geological survey, mineral resources survey, resource potential asses*ents, hydrogeological, engineering-geological and environmental surveys, geophysical exploration, geochemical exploration, remote-sensing survey, rock and mineral identification and *ysis, and geological mapping and surveying.

Technical personnel—refer to on-the-job personnel who work in geological exploration units and receive payments and have technical titles of geological exploration at and above the junior title.They include administrative personnel who have professional technical titles and now are engaged in technical management and administrative management.

Senior—refers to persons among technical personnel in geological exploration units who receive certificates of senior technical titles issued by agencies of evaluation of professional titles.

Intermediate—refers to persons among technical personnel in geological exploration units who receive certificates of intermediate technical titles issued by agencies of evaluation of professional titles.

The above-mentioned title certificates mainly include certificates of senior and intermediate technical titles and professional technical titles or approval documents issued by departments in charge of geological exploration of various industries under the former Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources and former State Council or departments of personnel at the provincial level.

Personnel engaging in engineering surveys and operations—refer to persons who engage in engineering surveys and operations in geological exploration units.

Personnel engaging in mineral resource development—refer to persons who engage in mineral exploitation and utilization in geological exploration units.

Other personnel—refer to personnel other than personnel conducting geological exploration, engineering surveys and operations, and mineral exploitation among on-the-job employees of the reporting units at the year end.

Average employees—refer to the personnel who engage in certain social labor and receive payments or operating income in the reporting units during the reporting period, including employees on the spot, re-employed retirees, engaged foreigners and personnel of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, part-time duty personnel who receive subsidies, and labor workers whose wages are directly paid, as well as individual employees, rural employees, and unregular employees.

The average number of employees=(number of employees at the year beginning + number of employees at the year end)/2 or the sum of the average monthly numbers during the current year/12.

Remuneration payment of employees—refers to the total sum of payments of labor (living expenses) paid directly to all the employees in the unit during the reporting period.It includes the sum of salaries and wages of employees on the job, payments of engaged personnel, payments of engaged and employed retirees, payments of foreigners and personnel of Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan, and payments of personnel whose personnel files are kept in their original units.

Number of retirees at the year end—refers to persons who are retired from their original units and get their pensions from their original units over the years in the provincial financial plan.

Total expenditure of retirees—refers to the total sum of pensions of retirees (including living and commodity price allowances) and subsidies to retirees (medical insurance and sanitation subsidy, traffic subsidy, allowances for funeral expenses and pensions and relief fund for their immediate relatives, subsidy for heating in winter, settlement allowance, subsidy for life difficulties, nursing subsidy, and newspaper and magazine allowance) paid by the reporting units during the reporting period.

Total assets—refer to the total amount of all the assets owned or controlled by the reporting units at the year end, including current assets, long-term investment, fixed assets, immaterial and deferred assets, other long-term assets, and deferred taxes.They are the item of total assets in the balance sheet of the unit.

Original value of special instruments and equipment—refers to the original value of special instruments and equipment used for geological exploration.

Net value of special instruments and equipment—refers to the net value of special instruments and equipment used for geological exploration at the end of the current year.

Total debts—refer to the debts assumed by the reporting units at the year end, which can be measured as currency and repaid by assets or labor services.

Net assets—refer to the balance of assets minus debts.The interests of an owner include the enterprise fund, fixed fund, special fund and balance, as well as the paid-in capital, capital reserves, surplus reserves, and undistributed profit.

General revenue—refers to the total amount of revenues obtained in economic activities undertaken by the reporting unit during the reporting period, including revenues from geological exploration, transfer of mining rights, mineral resources exploitation, engineering surveys and operations, and others.

Revenue from geological exploration—refers to the sum of all kinds of revenue obtained in economic activities of geological exploration by the reporting unit during the reporting period, including fees of geological exploration, special allocations for geological work, and revenue of labor services of mineral exploration.

Funds of geological exploration—refer to the funds that take the figure of the fiscal year of 1998 as the base and are transferred by the central budget to the provincial budget, listed separately and used for retirees, geological exploration, and current expenditures of geological exploration units.This indicator is calculated separately according to the central and local financial inputs.

Special budgetary allocations for geological projects—refer to the funds obtained by geological exploration units from the central and local special budgetary allocations for geological projects during the reporting period.These projects include the project of land and resources survey, the project of compensation for mineral resources, the project of financial subsidies, the project of mines facing resource crisis, and the project of geological exploration funds, as well as various special geological exploration projects set up by the city and county governments.They are calculated separately according to the central and local special projects.

Revenue of labor services of mineral exploration—refers to the revenue obtained by reporting units during the reporting period when they conduct geological exploration (e.mercial mineral exploration, labor services about geological exploration techniques, and geological hazard survey and asses*ents) in geological exploration markets inside and outside the province and abroad).It belongs to the operating revenue of geological exploration units.

Foreign-related—refers to the revenue obtained by Chinese reporting units in their geological exploration in the overseas geological exploration markets during the reporting period.

Revenue from transfer of mining rights—refers to the revenue obtained by reporting units through transfer of mining rights during the reporting period, including the revenue of mineral resource exploitation obtained through the ways of cooperation and joint investment to establish mining ventures.

Revenue from mineral resource development—refers to the revenue obtained by reporting units through mineral resource exploitation and operations during the reporting period, including the revenue of mineral resource exploitation obtained through the ways of cooperation and joint investment to establish mining ventures.

Revenue from engineering surveys and operations—refers to all items of revenues obtained by reporting units during the reporting period through operational activities such as construction engineering surveys, engineering designs, and engineering operations by virtue of professional qualification certificates of construction engineering survey and design, earthwork, and construction enterprises issued by administrative departments in charge of construction.

Other revenues—refer to the revenues other than the revenues obtained by reporting units through economic activities such as geological exploration, transfer of mining rights, mineral resource exploitation, and engineering surveys and operations during the reporting period.

General expenditures—refers to the expenses and losses of all items of funds and expenditure incurred by reporting units for operational activities and other activities during the reporting period, as well as the expenditure used for capital construction projects.

Expenditures of mineral exploration (projects)—refers to the total amount of all items of costs and expenses incurred due to carrying out geological exploration projects by reporting units during the reporting period.

Free funds refer to that part of funds included in the ownership interest (of a unit).They are various kinds of free funds (including enterprise depreciation fund, capital reserves, registered capital, enterprise surplus reserves, and other free capitals, as well as funds collected through issuing stocks) that an enterprise can dispose of according to regulations of the financial system.

Expenditures of mineral resource exploitation—refer to the total amount of all items of costs and expenses incurred due to mineral resource exploitation and operations of reporting units during the reporting period.

2022年下半年英语六级考试备考时间已经不多了，还没有开始准如瞎谨备的考生可以开始准备考试了。英语备考，离不开日常的练习，下面是我为大家准备的2022年下半年英语六级阅读理解练习题，有在备考六级的考生可以神掘参考一下。

双语阅读:退休后去哪里?澳洲最受青睐

2022年下半年英语六级阅读理解练习渣基题

阅读理解（一）

The Last Dinner

Jesus spent his last few hours of liberty quietly in the suburb of Bethany. It was the day of Passover. The Jews observed this feast by eating roast lamb and unleavened bread.

Jesus asked his disciples to go to town and reserve a room in one of the *aller inns and order a dinner that they might all be together.

When evening came， Judas， looking bland and innocent， left the house together with the others. They went down the Mount of Olives and entered the city and found that everything was ready. They took their seats around one long table and began to eat.

But it was not a cheerful meal. They felt the dread of those coming events which already were casting their terrible shadow over the *all group of faithful friends.

Jesus spoke very little. The others sat in gloomy silence. At last Peter could stand it no longer， and he blurted out what was in everybody’s mind . “Master， ”he said，“we want to know. Do you have reason to suspect one of us？” Softly Jesus answered， “ Yes. One among you who is now sitting at this table will bring disaster upon us all. ” Then all the disciples got up and crowded around him. They protested their innocence. At that moment Judas slipped quietly out of the room. They now all knew what was to come. They could no longer remain in that little room. They needed fresh air， and they left the inn and walked out of the gate and went back to the Mount of Olives and opened the wicket to a garden which a friend had told them to use whenever they wished to be alone . It was called Gethsemane ， after an old oil-press which stood in a corner. After a while Jesus walked away from the little group. But three of the disciples who were closest to him， followed at a distance.

He turned around and bade them wait and watch while he prayed.

The time had come for a final decision. Escape was still possible ， but escape would mean a silent confession of guilt and defeat for his ideas.

He was alone among the silent trees and fought his last great battle . He was a man in the fullness of his years. Life still held a great promise. Death， once his enemies captured him， would come in a most terrible form. He made his choice . He stayed. He went back to his friends. And behold！ They were fast asleep . A moment later， the whole garden was in an uproar. Led by Judas， the guards of the Sanhedrin rushed upon the prophet. Judas was at their head. He threw his arms around his master and kissed him. That was the sign for which the soldiers had waited. At that moment， Peter realized what was happening.

阅读自测

Ⅰ. Welcome to the Eden of animals . According to Chinese ， choose the correct English word： （ bee， rabbit， butterfly， lark， lion， mouse， donkey）

1. Tom always has a lot of things to do. Every time you see him， he is as busy as a ________（ 忙得团团转） .

2. Although it was an easy problem， I still made a mistake . It really made feel that I was as stupid as a ________（ 蠢如驴） .

3. Cathy is dressed very well and looks as beautiful as a ________（ 像蝴蝶一样漂亮） .

4. The villagers beat the enemy and lived as merry as a ________（ 非常快活） .

5. Tom and Jerry are twins， but they are quite different. Tom is as timid as a （ 胆小如鼠） while Jerry as bold as a________ （ 莽如雄狮） .

6. After the company went into bankruptcy ________（ 宣告破产） ， he was as poor as a church ________（ 一贫如洗） .

Ⅱ. Can you crack the riddle ？

Have you heard of Sphinx （ 斯芬克司） of Greek mythology？

Sphinx was a monster with the head and breast of a woman， the body of a lion， the wings of a bird， a serpent’s tail and lion’s paws. It had a human voice and usually asked passers-by to guess her riddle. If the man was unable to find the answer， she would eat them. If he could， she would kill herself. The riddle is this： What goes on four feet， on two feet， and three ， but the more feet it goes on， the weaker it be ？

Do you get the answer？ Explain yourself.

阅读理解（二）

However you view credit cards. it＇s hard to live in the modem world without one. And if you have one， you owe it to yourself to use it properly.

Although credit cards are becoming a more acceptable part of the financial scene， they are still regarded with suspicion by many as being a major part of the ＂live now pay later＂ syndrome. Along with hire purchase， rental and leasing schemes. they provide encouragement to spend more money. They can allow you to pile up debts that you have difficulty paying off， they can also let you spend next month＇s salary today. Of course， it is only the foolhardy who succumb to the temptation to live. temporarily at least， beyond their means. and such people would no doubt manage to do so even without credit cards.

Advertising campaigns have. however， promoted a growing realization of the advantages of these *all pieces of plastic. They obviate the need to carry large amounts of cash and are always useful in emergencies. All the credit card organizations charge interest on a monthly basis which may work out as high as 25 per cent a year. yet judicious purchasing using a card can mean that you obtain up to seven weeks interest freecredit. Using me card abroad where items frequently take a long time to be included on your account can extend this period even further.

It is worthwhile shopping around before deciding on a particular credit card. It is necessary to consider the amount of credit granted； interest rates， which may vary slightly； che number and range of outlets， chough most cards cover major garages， hotels. restaurants and departments stores： and of course. what happens if your card is lost or stolen A credit card chief may be sitting on a potential gold mine particularlyif there is delay in reporting the loss of the card.

Using a credit card wisely takes discipline and a little self-control. Once you realize your debt is someone else’s profit margin， your approach to your plastic will change. With a bit of discipline and some practical knowledge， you can make your cards work for you. rather than the other way round. As a matter of fact， a credit card can cost nothing or at least help to tide you over a period of financial difficulty.

people suspect that credit cards lure people to_______________.

author seems to believe that even in the absence of credit cards. some people would undoubtedly_________________.

Para. 3， in addition to the advantages of no need lo carry cash and being useful in emergencies， whatelse is said to be the advantage of credit cards？

is the main idea of Para.4？

5.A credit card user can control himself to take better advantage of credit card if he knows well the truth that____________________.

阅读理解（三）

Children are getting so fat-they may be the first generation to die before their parents. an expert claimed yesterday. Today＇s youngsters are already falling prey to potential killers such as diabetes because of their weight. Fatty fast-food diets combined with sedentary lifestyles dominated by televisions and computers could mean kids will die tragically young， says Professor Andrew Prentice. from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.

At the same time. the shape of the human body is going through a huge evolutionary shift because *s are getting so fat. Here in Britain. latest research shows that the average waist size for a man is 36-38 inches and may be 42-44， inches by  compares with only 32.6 inches in 1972. Women＇s waists have grown from an average of 22 inches in l920 to 24 inches in the Fifties and 30 inches now. One of the major reasons why children now are at greater risk is that we are getting fatter younger. In the UK alone. more than one million under-1.6s are classed as overweight or obese-double the number in the mid-Eighties. One inten four-year-olds are also medically classified as  obesity pandemic-an extensive epidemic-whichstarted m the US， has now spread to Europe. Australia， Central America and the Middle East.

Many nations now record more than 20 per cent of- their population as clinically obese and well over half the population as overweight. Prof. Prentice said the change in our shape has been caused by a glut of easily available high-energy foods combined with a dramatic drop in the energy we use as a result of technology developments.

He is not alone in his concern. Only last week one medical journal revealed how obesity was fuelling a rise in cancer cases. Obesity also increases the risk factor for strokes and heart disease. An averagely obese person＇s lifespan is shortened by around nine years while a severely obese person by many more.

Prof. Prentice said： ＂So will parents outlive their children. as claimed recently by an American obesity specialist？＂ The answer is yes-and no. Yes，when the offspring become grossly obese. This is now becoming an alarmingly common occurrence in the US. Such children and adolescents have a greatly reduced quality of life in terms of both their physical and psychosocial health. So say No to that doughnut and burger.

essor Andrew Prentice says kids will die young because of their__________________.

Britain， overweight or obese under-16s in the mid-Eighties were___________________today.

should be responsible for the change in our body shape according to the passage？

risk of some diseases such as cancer. strokes and heart disease may become greater due to_____________.

does the author suggest we do by saying ＂say No to that doughnut and burger＂ ？

阅读理解（四）

To fully understand the concept of the ＂Paperless Office＂，one must understand what it conceptually was supposed to mean，as well as what it has evolved into as its current y forms of the paperless office would have concentrated around word processing documents and the ability to create，store and manage their existence ver，you were limited in scope as to what you could do to＂manage＂these  of the management revolved around viewing and perhaps sharing it with other users in the e were no automated programs that handled workflow，scanning，tagging and management of these documents ners were （at a cost-effective price）too expensive for the average office to acquire based on the return on  the corporate level，there was no direction as to handle workflow and to *yze where paper came from and where it had to go internally and if there was a process in place，the tools were not mature enough or existing to handle it.

In the last few years，technology has finally been catching up to the needs and requirements of the office ners that previously cost tens of thousands of dollars now can be acquired for tal copiers/printers now incorporate high speed scanning and OCR capability，even at the lowest  technology initiative has now been transferred to the IT and MIS departments of corporations as well as law rly，the tools necessary to transform paper-full to a paperless office are now widely  then，is stopping the widespread adoption of the concept of the paperless office？Cultural issues are probably one of the largest obstructions to the implementation of the concept of the paperless nly，people feel comfortable doing what they know how to do best（shuffle paper around）and modifying theirhabits requires a focus that makes them feel that they are，in fact，doing things better and more ementing a paperless office environment that introduces processes that are more difficult and technologically challenging than the previous environment is doomed to fail from the start，Keep all processes simple，introdu ce technology that is easy to learn and use，and document the workflow.

did the early forms of paperless office lack for efficient management？

ners used not to be considered worthwhile when a company considers its_________________.

is implied that the concept of the paperless office is now adopted on a______________________scale.

is found that most people refuse the concept of the paperless office due to____________________factor.

does the author think about the processes of the paperless office environment in comparison with the paper-full office environment？

阅读理解（五）

Faced with the rapidly rising costs of employee benefits， companies are scaling back. It＇s become distressingly clear that employees are increasingly on their own when it comes to retirement savings and health care.

Employers don＇t typically trash （丢弃） an important employee benefit-too much negative press-but they are shifting more of these costs onto workers. who feel it in the form of higher health-care premiums， rising co-payments on drugs and much less certainty about their retirement finances.

Towers Perrin. a global human-resources-consulting firm， recently surveyed hundreds of U.S. companies representing more than 13 million employees on changer they are making-or contemplating making-to their employee-benefits packages. The knife cuts deepest on the most expensive benefits， with the biggest often being healty care.

It costs the average American company more than $14，000 per year to provide coverage to an employee and her family. The employer＇s response： shift more of that growing burden to workers. As a result， companies have seen their health-care spending rise 29% over the past five  employees have seen their outlays-for premiums， co-pays and deductibles-rise 40%.

Retiree health care is getting hit hardest-just when the boomer generation needs it most. Of the employerssurveyed， 45% have already reduced or eliminated subsidized health-care coverage for future retirees， and an additional 24% are planning to do so or considering it. Of those offering the perk（额外补贴）， roughly 25% put a dollar limit on how much they will spend per retiree. ＂Once the limit is reached， future inflation risk transfers to the retiree，＂ notes Ron Fontanetta. an executive with Towers Perrin.

Corporate pensions， the third leg of the proverbial retirement stool （the other two being Social Security and personal savings）， are also being eroded as the foundering （下挫的） stock market wreaks havoc on employer pension funds. At the end of 2008. employer-sponsored pension plans were underfunded by more than $400billion， according to Mercer， a management-consulting firn. The recent stock-market rally has halved that deficit. but it remains a funding sore spot and is one more reason that companies are turning away from this benefit.

＂Companies initiated many of these benefits in a different time，＂ says Fontanetta. ＂Retiree benefits started being offered when many companies had a young workforce with few retirees. so it was not really a cost they had to contend with.” Today it＇s the reverse， particularly in old-line oit’s Big Three automakers， for example， have more than Four rimes as many retirees as active hourly workers.

1. Instead of ending important employee benefits. employers are_____________.

2. According to Towers Perrin＇s survey， which 8spect of employee benefits is the most profoundly impacted？

3. The scaling down of retiree health greatly affected_________________.

4. Because of the stock market slump， companies are giving up_________________.

5. The last paragraph implies that companies cut back on retiree benefits because of_____________________.

阅读理解（六）

Some of the old worries about artificial intelligence were closely linked to the question of whether computers could  first massive electronic computers，capable of rapid calculation and little or no creative activity，were soon dubbed（取绰号）＂electronic brains＂.A reaction to this terminology quickly followed，computers were called＂high speed idiots＂，an effort to protect human  not everyone realized theimplications of the high-speed idiot  has not been pointed out enough that even the human idiot is one of the most intelligent life forms on  the early computers were even that intelligent，it was already a remarkable state of affairs.

One consequence of speculation about the possibility of computer thought was that we were forced to examine with new care the idea of thought in  soon became clear that we were not sure what we meant bysuch terms as thought and  tend to assume that human beings think，some more than others，though we often call people thoughtless or ms cause a problem，partly because they usually happen outside our  are obviously some type of mental experience，but are they a type of thinking？And the question of nonhuman life forms adds further  of us would maintain that some of the higheranimals-dogs，cats，apes，and so on-are capable of at least basic thought，but what about fish and insects？If thinking is demonstrated by evident electrical activity in the brain，then many species are capable of  we have formulated clear ideas on what thought is in biological creatures，it will be easier to discuss the question of thought in artifacts（人工制品） what is true of thought is also true of the many other mental  of the immense benefits of a research is that we are being forced to scrutinize，with new rigor，the working of the human mind.

It is already clear that machines have superior mental abilities to many life  fern or oak tree can play chess as well as even the simplest digital computer，nor can frogs weld car bodies as well as  seems that，viewed in terms of intellect ，the computer should be set well above plants and most  the higher animals can compete with computers with regard to intellect and even then with diminishing success.

did people think of the early computers？

rding to the author，the early computers is__________________than human idiots.

a result of speculating whether computer could think，we had to research more carefully to get_____________________.

do dreams cause the problem whether they are a type of thinking，according to the author？

does the author want to illustrate by mentioning the fern and the oak tree？