2005年2月份雅思考试总结(下)

雅思考试主要是通过对考生听、说、读、写四个方面英语能力的考核，综合测评考生的英语沟通运用能力，实现“沟通为本”的考试理念。对于雅思考生来说，也有很多考试难点和政策盲区需要帮助解答。今天雅思无忧网小编准备了2005年2月份雅思考试总结(下)，希望通过文章来解决雅思考生这方面的疑难问题，敬请关注。

FOR （涉及经济、健康、环保、文化等原则）

1.       经济原则：Genetically modified (GM) food is a key area of agricultural biotechnology. Supporters of GM food believe the technology could offer cheaper, safer and more nutritious food.

2.       健康原则：Genetically modified food activists promise gene technology will supply plentiful amounts of food to starvation stricken areas in the Third World.

3.       健康原则：Genetically modified crops (transgenic crops) are best known for their abilities to resist pests (weeds, insects, and diseases) or for produce containing high nutrient levels.

4.       经济和健康原则：Transgenic crops may provide increased profits to the farmer while providing cheaper and more nutritious food.

5.       环保原则：Genetic engineering also has helped make crops available that could not otherwise tolerate adverse environmental conditions (drought, cold, high salt levels in the soils, etc.).

6.       经济、环保和健康原则Such crops are capable of resisting pests, generating higher yields, and producing food with high nutrient content. They are considered an effective means of dealing with pest problems while reducing production costs.

7.       经济原则：A possible benefit of transgenic crops or animals is that they can be bred for desirable traits very precisely and much faster than when traditional methods are used.

8.       健康原则：Certain transgenic crops (e.g., "golden rice" capable of synthesizing the precursor of Vitamin A) are capable of producing higher amounts of nutrients and vitamins, which could be have a great impact on solving nutrition problems in heavily populated and underdeveloped countries.

9.       文化原则：GMF technology provides us with a rich variety of foods that enrich our diet and may introduce new culture of eating and diverse cuisines.

10.   经济原则：According to its proponents, genetic engineering could improve the growth rate and yield from crops, and so feed more people from the available land, in the face of the expansion of the world's population.

11.   环保原则：It may be possible to develop genetically modified plants to be more resistant to the vagaries of climate, or to grow on marginal land prone to drought or erosion, or highly salt or acid conditions.

12.   健康原则：GM food increases the nutritional qualities of food from crops and animals.

13.   环保和健康原则：The environmental advantages of reducing chemical inputs to the land, the possibility of growing crops in hitherto marginal regions of the Third World, and the improvements in nutritional qualities of food are excellent goals, and would be welcomed by most people.

AGAINST （涉及健康、经济、环保、伦理道德和权利等）

1.       健康、伦理、环保和权利原则：Concerns about deploying genetically modified crops include food safety, ethics, environmental risk, loss of landrace biodiversity, and the lack of appropriate biosafety regulations.

2.       健康原则：Giant transnational companies are carrying out a dangerous global experiment by introducing large numbers of genetically engineered foods into our diet.

3.       健康原则：Opponents argue that there are still many unknowns, despite the absence of problems so far.

4.       健康和环保原则：Genetic manipulations can result in unanticipated harmful effects, and because genetically engineered foods are not tested sufficiently, this experiment not only jeopardizes the health of individuals, but could also lead to global food shortages and extensive ecological hazards.

5.       健康原则：Due to genetically modified food's unique and unknown nature, there is potential for adverse health side effects. It is impossible to predict the impact of genetic food; it is a matter of waiting for and observing future consequences.

6.       健康和环保原则：The cross-species transfers being made, such as between fish and tomatoes, would not happen in nature and may create new toxins, diseases, and weaknesses.

7.       健康原则：An example of a possible health detrimental effect is resistance to widely used antibiotics.

8.       伦理道德和权利原则：Transferring animal genes into plants also raises important ethical issues for vegetarians and religious groups. It may also involve animal experiments that are unacceptable to many people. Some Christians object in principle to genetically modified food, as an unacceptable intervention in God's creation violating barriers in the natural world.

9.       环保原则：Once a genetically modified organi* has been released into the environment it can reproduce, move and even mutate.

10.   环保原则：After its release, it cannot be recalled. Unlike chemical or nuclear contamination, genetic pollution is perpetual. It can never be reversed or cleaned up; genetic mistakes will be passed on to all future generations of a species.

11.   环保原则:The huge areas of genetically identical crops will influence the evolution of local pests, plants, wildlife, and disrupt surrounding ecosystems.

12.   环保原则：What would happen if the genes for insect and weed killer resistance, which have been introduced to crop plants, found their way into weeds? The result could be 'super weeds' which would force the development of more toxic herbicides.

13.   健康原则：If we allow the development of genetically modified food to continue we are consequently handing our lives over to the Biotech companies.

14.   健康原则：Eating certain transgenic foods has occasionally led to the development of allergies.

15.   健康和环保原则：Opponents of the technology argue that transgenic crops would increase our dependence on pesticides.

16.   环保和健康原则：The flow of transgenes into other organi*s through pollution (termed "genetic pollution") may pose unknown risks to the ecosystem. Once these genes are released, it is difficult to recall them.

17.   环保原则：Because genetic engineering focuses on crops with certain highly desirable traits, genetic diversity within the crop could be diminished.

18.   环保和健康原则：This can make crops more susceptible to natural calamities such as disease outbreaks.

环保原则：Fruits and vegetables may be changed for the worse and may spread these changes to wild organi*s, ruining the Earth's environment.