雅思口语考试高句型篇 虚拟语气

雅思口语语法—— 虚拟语气

虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法是雅思考试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 虚拟语气有很多种，上海的周郁郁老师将在本文中仅陈述雅思口语中常出现的3种虚拟语气。
⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件普通的方式。
① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形，例如：If I were in your position I would marry her.
② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.
③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种，但并不排除存在条件和后果中，一个和现在情况相反，另一个和过去情况相反，例如：If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。
⒉ 除了表示虚假条件外，if从句还可以表示对将来的推测，由于是将来还没有发生的，所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的，只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下，可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测，这个事实是完全可能发生的。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形，例如：Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.
⒊ 有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构,这时候，如果出现not等否定词，否定词需放在主语后面。这种结构在口语中很少使用，但频频出现在各类考试中出现，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.

雅思口语中的“虚拟语气”问题

Part 1 & Part 3
1. If you had a lot of money, what you would like to collect in the future?
【参考答案】If I had a lot of money, I would collect cars, maybe Ferraris.
2. If you were the government, how would you solve the housing problems in your country?
【参考答案】If you were the government, I would simply build some *all houses in the suburb of Shanghai and then sell them to the poor at low prices.
3. If you were the parent, would you take your children to restaurants?
【参考答案】If I were the parent, I would definitely take my children to the restaurant where they could enjoy more styles of food.
4. If you could change only one thing in your room, what would you change?
【参考答案】If you could change only one thing in your room, I would change my bed which takes too much space. I would buy a *all one.
5. If you had an opportunity to learn another language, what would you choose to learn?
【参考答案】If you had an opportunity to learn another language, I would choose to learn French.

Part 2

Describe your ideal job. You should say: What it is Where you want to do it What about the working hours And explain why you want to do it.

【思路分析】
工作话题在雅思口语考试三部分都出现过，部分主要是要求学生用到一般现在时、一般过去时和将来时，很少有用虚拟语气的。以上题目是第二部分的考题，就描述一个工作自己想做的工作应该不会太难，但是本题要求学生大量用到虚拟语气。否则评分标准中的语法分必然会收到影响。
【参考答案】
If I had to describe my ideal job, I guess it would be that of a dentist. I am sure you have visited the dentist before and would know what I am talking about.
I would like to be a dentist in a *all town in the country. That is to say, away from the pollution and traffic of the large cities. There are several reasons as for why I would like to talk specifically about being a dentist. First of all, I like the working hours. What I mean to say, is that doctors however, have to tend to emergencies at all hours, but dentists only see patients during office hours. If I were a dentist, I most probably would not work overtime. Besides, I would have a clean environment to work in. I would be in my consulting rooms the whole day, and were not affected by the weather conditions. Also, I could decide on how hard I want to work. That is to say, if I liked to take a day off, I simply would instruct my receptionist not to book any patients for that day.
小结
虚拟语气是英语中的高级语法，虽然对于分数目标是6分以下的学生没有太大的要求，但是口语考试中语法项得较好的分数，学生们势必在尽量减少常见语法错误的基础之上还要增加高级语法的使用。