雅思写作：如何突破模板的结构？

剑七Tast1的Writing Task 2 (Page31) It is generally believed that　some people are born with certain talents, for instance for sport or music, and others are not. However, it is sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to become a good sports person or musician. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 简单的抽象核心大意就是两字：Nature or Nurture? 是先天还是后天决定小孩的成长。 传统的思路一般认为这个题目一定会四段式，开头段，Body两段，结尾段。Body的两段会传统的两边倒，一段写先天的重要，另一段则写后天的重要。每段各写三个分论点支持。

现今中国几乎所有雅思写作参考书就可见一斑。这样写的最大好处是迅速成文，思路简单，易于考生组织文字，特别是基础差的学生。 但是这样的写法却有两个致命的弱点，一个是模板化严重，缺乏细节扩展。第二是前篇一律，没有原创的写作结构，考场里面学生几乎连接尾段都是一样，那就是： Though the genetical factors is of great importance, education received　after birth and continuous efforts weigh equally. 这样的结尾段显然是没有个性和辩证性的。更没有原创!

我们来看看考官是怎么处理的吧： The relative importance of natural talent and training is a frequent topic of discussion when people　try to explain different levels of ability in, for example, sport, art or music. Obviously, education systems are based on the belief that all children can effectively be taught to acquire different skills, including those associated with sport, art or music. So from our own school experience, we can find plenty of evidence to support the　view that a child can acquire these skills with continued teaching

and guided practice. However, some people believe that innate talent　is what differentiates a person who has been trained to play a sport or an instrument, from those who become good players. In other words, there is more to the skill than a learned technique, and this extra talent cannot be taught, no matter how good the teacher or how frequently a child practices. I personally think that some people do　have talents that are probably inherited via their genes. Such talents can give individuals a facility for certain skills that allow the　m to excel, while more hard-working students never manage to reach acomparable level. But, as with all questions of nature versus nurture, they are not mutually exclusive. Good musicians or artists and exceptional sports stars have probably succeeded because of both good　training and natural talent. Without the natural talent, continuous　training would be neither attractive nor productive, and without the training, the child would not learn how to exploit and develop their talent. In conclusion, I agree that any child can be taught particular skills, but to be really good in areas such as music, art or sport, then some natural talent is required. 上文是考官给出的一份参考范文，尽管凭借一篇范文不尽能回答了，到底是四段式还是五段式谁更好这个问题。但是考官却给我我们很多指引和暗示。

我们不难发现Body的第一段主要讲后天教育与努力的重要性。Body的第二段主要讲先天基因决定成功。Body最后一段则是个性段(或者称辩证段)。这种写法我在教学中比较鼓励学生使用，我给它取名叫“各打三十大板”或 各

领三十大洋”。 两个观点都有其成立的理由。但是两个观点都有其缺陷所在。 主要源于以下三点理由： 一. 突破模板的四段式结构 二. 易于成文。

这样就分流了Body前两段的压力，考生不需要找更多分论点，只需要在Body的前两段每段写4个简单句左右的长度即可。 三. 观点原创。正如上文所述，考场的雷同性观点是学生低分的原因之一。这个个性段无疑稀释了千篇一律的相同观点，增加了文章的个性或者叫做辩证性。雅思写作的的题型从刚刚登陆中国的同意不同意和利弊类渐渐走向辩证型很强的话题----两边都有理。如果结尾段毫无创新地说“虽然A观点正确，但是B观点的正确性也不能忽视”的话，作文的分数肯定还在一个瓶颈，笔者在几年前的雅思教学经历就证明了这种写法的杯具后果。 对于第一点启示，在这里简单打个小结吧，Body1(观点A)+ Body2(观点B)+Body3(个性段)----绝对是突破模板四段式结构的一种伟大的解法。

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